所谓分类法（Classification）指的是将具有相同或相似特质的物品、数据、项目、概念以及观点等内容加以归类描述并组成一个有机整体的写作过程。在说理性文章和议论性文章里，分类法都有着非常广泛的用途。合理运用分类写法，能体现文章的条理性、逻辑性和整体性，增加文章的说服力。
1.分类法写作举例
不论对于整篇文章还是文章的段落，分类法都能够有条不紊地对主题以及所属的类别进行分类归纳。以下面的一个小段落为例：
Basically there are three types of learners. The first types are those who are compelled to learn. To put it another way, these people regard learning as something miserable. The second type are the learners who study things in a careless way according to their mood. If they feel unhappy or in any other negative mood, they would become lazy and reluctant to learn. The third type are the real learners who are persistent and active in learning. To them, learning is full of pleasure and they would always full happy in studying new things.
在上面这个小段落中，主题句首先就将学习者分为三类，接着，在后面扩展的内容里详细讨论了这三类学习者，段落层次分明、结构清晰，读者理解起来一目了然。
2.分类法写作三段式
对于篇幅较小的英语论文，三段式写法是最为常见的。以因果分析为例，可以对原因和结果进行分类。对原因进行分类的三段式论文结构如下 —
- Introduction （including thesis statement）
- Main body：Cause 1、Cause 2、Cause 3 or more
- Conclusion
下面的段落为例就是原因分类三段式：
Three reasons are usually attributed to mental diseases of human beings. The first includes etiologic factors which might cause organic mental disorders such as brain injury or cerebral obstruction. The second reason may be attributed to the abuse of harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol. Thirdly, these diseases may be caused by too much pressure in life, which often leads to excessive mental stress.
对结果分类的结构也是类似的。总之，通过分类法，读者可以一目了然地理解文章的结构逻辑，达到清晰表达的写作效果。
3.分类法写作的Topic sentence表述举例
在运用分类法写作的时候，最常见的手法就是在主题句（Topic sentence）里开门见山点明主旨，在明确了分类标准的基础上，直接分好类别，后面的分类说明或论证就显得顺理成章。因此，在这类写作里，Topic sentence的设计就具有举足轻重的地位。下面就举几个简单的例子来说明分类法写作的Topic sentence供大家参考，以从中得到一定的启发。
例1：Commodity goods for daily consumption are often divided into convenient goods, stable goods and emergency goods. 这是说明文里关于日用商品分类的Topic sentence，这是很常见的分类法主题句表述。
例2：Travelling by train are usually speedy, less expensive and safe.
例3：Political, economic, socio-cultural and legal environments are crucial factors to consider by businesses when deciding to enter a local market place.
4.分类法写作的Title表述举例
除了Topic sentence可以直接表述分类之外，标题（Title）也可以对分类进行一定的表述。以下面的Title为例 ––
例1： Different types of English learners
例2： Motives for travelers to choose destinations
例3： Factors to influencing people’s abnormal behaviors
总之，通过以上例子可以看出，分类法的Topic sentence的表述可以说是非常灵活的，但万变不离其宗，不论是标题还是主题句的表述，都可以直接看出作者的写作意图，从而为理解全文提供了便利。
英国翰思教育，是一家知名的留学文书与留学论文辅导机构, 多年来帮助一大批来自英国,美国,澳洲,加拿大等国的留学生同学们解决了论文作业与留学升学的难题. 服务包括: 留学申请文书, 留学作业学术论文的检测与分析（CV, Reference Letter, Personal Statement, Essay, Assignment, Coursework, Paper, Personal Statement, Dissertation, Research Proposal与Thesis等）,留学申请文书的写作辅导与修改建议. 翰思教育迄今已成为英国, 美国, 澳洲, 加拿大等国最知名的正规留学申请与论文辅导品牌。
*未经英国翰思教育授权，禁止转载抄袭
QQ：913864922
微信：hansedu
邮箱：info@hansedu.cn
